Table 4.
Comparison of Plasma Hormone Concentrations With Symptom Severity During Enteral Nutrient Infusions
| Occurrence of Any Moderate or More severe Symptoms a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dextrose Infusion | Lipid Infusion | |||
| Hormone | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Glucose | 20,130 (18,598– 23,935) |
25,030 (19,553– 27,988) P=.06 |
11,496 (11,098–12,538) |
11,856 (10,885– 12,446) |
| C-peptide | 391 (256–613) | 566 (376–748) | 90 (67–171) | 118 (82–243) |
| Glucagon | 3,283 (2,768– 52,185) |
3,568, P<.05 (2,940–3,862) |
3,384 (2,616–3,975) |
3,814 (2,796–4,594) |
| GIP | 5,954 (5025–8387) |
6,302 (5,080–7,076) |
3,200 (2,528–4,207) |
4,321, P<.05 (2,898–6,584) |
| GLP1 | 2,066 (1,087–2,857) |
2,732, P=.09 (2,183–4,206) |
1,564 (1,016–2,904) |
2,730, P<.05 (2,073–3,466) |
| CCK | 362 (196–451) |
525 (279–682) |
753 (529–1,092) |
991 (571–1,258) |
| Ghrelin | 78,808 (65,459– 92,040) |
69,323 (76,873– 86,063) |
78,368 (63,683–91,275) |
81,733 (69,403–98,718) |
| PYY | 5,198 (3,170–7,262) |
5,383 (3,530–7,135) |
5,515 (2,873–6,500) |
5,891 (5,087–7,522) |
Abbreviations: CCK, cholecystokinin; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; GLP1, glucagonlike peptide 1; PYY, protein YY.
a
Values are presented (area under the curve) as pmol/L per min (CCK, glucagon, GIP, GLP1, and PYY), mg/dL per min (glucose), pg/mL per min (ghrelin) and as nmol/L (C-peptide)
All P values are vs no moderate or more severe symptoms in corresponding infusion.