Table 3.

Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications and Comorbidities by Treatment Modality (N = 69)

Variable	Operation Only No. (%)	Induction Therapy + Operation No. (%)	p Value
Patients	14 (203)	55(79.7)
Intra-op complications
Blood transfusion	0 (0.0)	5(9.1)	0.575
Post-op complications
Pulmonarya	5 (35.7)	15 (27.7)	0.534
Cardiovascularb	3 (21.4)	11 (20.0)	0.906
Infectionc	6(42.9)	7 (12.7)	0.019
Mental status change	0 (0.0)	1 (1.82)	0.899
Anastomotic leak	4(28.6)	6 (10.9)	0.109
Other complicationsd	9(643)	18 (32.7)	0.063
Any complication	11 (78.6)	33 (60.0)	0.231

^aPulmonary embolus, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax aspiration, and respiratory failure.

^bMyocardial infarction and dysrhythmia.

^cSepsis, urinary tract infection, and wound infection.

^dFever, weight loss, stricture, tracheal injury, and vocal cord paralysis.