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PF-4var/CXCL4L1 attenuates the expression of TNF-α, RAGE, and caspase-3 in diabetic rat retinas. TNF-α, RAGE, and caspase-3 expression in rat retinas was studied by Western blot analysis. Relative expression levels to β-actin as housekeeping control were calculated, followed by normalization to values of normal eyes. Each group comprised seven or eight animals, and values represent mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 compared to normal, #P < 0.05 compared to diabetes.
