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. 2015 Jan 27;4(2):204–230. doi: 10.3390/jcm4020204

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mirin is an antiviral polyamide (AVP) sensitizer. Inhibition of MRE11 promotes the effectiveness of chemo- and radio-therapy (left) and antiviral polyamides (AVPs) (right). Inhibitors of DNA repair processes increase cell sensitivity toward therapeutic irradiation and chemotherapeutic agents that act by damaging cellular DNA. Inhibition of, for example, MRE11 or ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) augments cell death in response to DNA damage by preventing cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In an analogous manner, Mirin (but not ATM inhibitor KU55933) promotes the degradation of HPV episomal DNA in response to AVPs. MRE11 therefore has a role that protects viral episomes from AVPs that does not require signaling through the ATM/CHK2 pathway [6].