Table 2.

Association between anti-HTN medication use and incident AD from Cox proportional hazards model in the whole sample and in anti-HTN medication users

Number of users	Number of users	AD/person-years	Whole samplea			Anti-HTN medicationb users
			Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR1 (95% CI)c	Adjusted HR2 (95% CI)d	Adjusted HR2 (95% CI)
Antihypertensive	1992	166/12,212	0.78 (0.62–0.97)e	0.75 (0.60–0.94)e	0.76 (0.60–0.96)e	NA
ACE inhibitors	801	59/4430	0.90 (0.68–1.19)	0.91 (0.68–1.22)	0.95 (0.71–1.29)	1.06 (0.76–1.50)
β-Blockers	717	56/4125	0.90 (0.67–1.20)	0.86 (0.64–1.16)	0.90 (0.67–1.21)	1.02 (0.73–1.43)
Calcium channel blockers	670	51/4115	0.77 (0.57–1.03)	0.73 (0.54–0.98)e	0.75 (0.55–1.04)	0.85 (0.60–1.20)
Dihydropyridine	317	22/1823	0.75 (0.49–1.16)	0.69 (0.45–1.07)	0.75 (0.48–1.17)	0.84 (0.53–1.34)
Non-dihydropyridine	373	32/2370	0.88 (0.61–1.27)	0.87 (0.60–1.26)	0.88 (0.60–1.30)	0.99 (0.66–1.49)
Diuretics	1253	95/7289	0.75 (0.59–0.96)e	0.74 (0.58–0.95)e	0.72 (0.56–0.93)e	0.77 (0.56–1.06)
Loop	386	36/1848	1.02 (0.72–1.45)	1.00 (0.70–1.43)	0.98 (0.67–1.43)	1.09 (0.73–1.64)
Thiazide	940	67/5697	0.74 (0.57–0.97)e	0.71 (0.54–0.94)e	0.70 (0.53–0.93)e	0.75 (0.54–1.04)
Potassium sparing	476	34/2869	0.69 (0.49–0.99)e	0.67 (0.46–0.96)e	0.69 (0.48–0.99)e	0.74 (0.50–1.10)

Key: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable.

^aThe reference group of each class of anti-HTNs comprises use of other anti-HTNs and nonusers.

^bThe reference group of each class of anti-HTNs comprises use of other anti-HTNs.

^cAdjusted relative hazard estimated from models that control for age, sex, education, number of APOE ε4 alleles, and smoking and drinking habits at baseline.

^dAdjusted relative hazard estimated from models that control for variables above plus history of high cholesterol, diabetes, stroke, CABG, and MI.

^ep ≤ 0.05.