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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Chem Biol. 2015 Mar 2;11(4):256–258. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1768

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Reactions mediated by SpnF and accompanying tailoring enzymes. The processive spinosyn Type I PKS generates spilactone, which is processed by several tailoring enzymes into spinosad (Spinosyns A and D). SpnF performs a [4+2]-cyclization, possibly through a Diels-Alder mechanism, between the C4–C7 diene (C5–C6 bond in s-cis geometry) and the C11–C12 dienophile, embedding a cyclohexene ring in the product (conformations minimized with the MMFF94s force field).