Table 1.
Clinical, demographic, and neuropathological characteristics by diagnosis category
| Clinical Diagnosis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCI (n=10) | MCI* (n=15) | AD (n=14) | Total (n=39) | P value | Pair-wise comparison | ||
| Age (years) at death: | Mean ± SD (Range) | 83.7 ± 4.8 (76.3–92.5) | 85.9 ± 4.0 (79.4–91.5) | 87.7 ± 5.7 (76.4–97.8) | 85.5 ± 5.0 (76.3–97.8) | 0.2a | -- |
| Number (%) of males: | 4 (40%) | 6 (40%) | 6 (43%) | 16 (40%) | 1.0b | -- | |
| Years of education: | Mean ± SD (Range) | 17.1 ± 4.7 (10–25) | 17.6 ± 3.5 (10–25) | 19.1 ± 3.3 (14–26) | 18.0 ± 3.8 (10–26) | 0.4a | -- |
| Number (%) with ApoE ε4 allele: | 0 | 5 (33%) | 4 (29%) | 9 (23%) | 0.1b | -- | |
| MMSE: | Mean ± SD (Range) | 27.6 ± 1.5 (26–30) | 27.4 ± 2.7 (22–30) | 19.6 ± 6.3 (9–28) | 24.6 ± 5.6 (9–30) | 0.0001a | (NCI, MCI) > AD |
| GCS** | Mean ± SD (Range) | 0.47 ± 0.17 (0.23–0.78) | 0.24 ± 0.37 (−0.53, 0.91) | −0.51 ± 0.32 (−1.17, −0.12) | 0.05 ± 0.51 (−1.17, 0.91) | <0.0001a | (NCI, MCI) > AD |
| Episodic memory z-score: | Mean ± SD (Range) | 0.85 ± 0.31 (0.32–1.37) | 0.45 ± 0.45 (−0.25, 1.68) | −0.71 ± 0.66 (−1.99, 0.65) | 0.14 ± 0.83 (−1.99, 1.68) | <0.0001a | NCI > MCI > AD |
| Post-mortem interval (hours): | Mean ± SD (Range) | 5.0 ± 2.6 (1.0–9.1) | 5.6 ± 2.3 (2.0–10.6) | 4.2 ± 1.6 (1.5–7.3) | 4.9 ± 2.2 (1.0–10.6) | 0.3a | -- |
| Brain weight (g): | Mean ± SD (Range) | 1194 ± 104 (1000–1320) | 1168 ± 164 (890–1480) | 1188 ± 129 (962–1460) | 1182 ± 135 (890–1480) | 0.8a | -- |
| Distribution of Braak scores: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| I/II | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0.2 | -- | |
| III/IV | 6 | 9 | 8 | 23 | |||
| V/VI | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 | |||
| NIA Reagan diagnosis (likelihood of AD): | No AD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Low | 5 | 7 | 1 | 13 | 0.03a | NCI < AD | |
| Intermediate | 5 | 5 | 9 | 19 | |||
| High | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 | |||
| CERAD diagnosis: | No AD | 2 | 5 | 0 | 7 | ||
| Possible | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0.005a | (NCI, MCI) < AD | |
| Probable | 6 | 6 | 7 | 19 | |||
| Definite | 0 | 3 | 7 | 10 | |||
*
4 of the 15 MCI cases were amnestic MCI.
**
GCS not available for 1 AD case.
a
Kruskal-Wallis test, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
b
Fisher exact test, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; GCS global cognitive score; SD, Standard deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NCI, no cognitive impairment, MCI; mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer disease; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease.