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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Genet Epidemiol. 2014 Dec 23;39(3):149–155. doi: 10.1002/gepi.21879

Table 1.

Association testing under H0 in the presence of only population structure based on the T2D-GENES genotype data.

set-up EMMAX GEMMA PCR(20) hybrid OLS
σg2=10, σ2 = 90 Type I error 0.050 0.051 0.053 0.050 0.055
λ 0.992 1.004 1.025 0.980 1.025

σg2=60, σ2 = 40 Type I error 0.051 0.052 0.073 0.053 0.095
λ 1.041 1.044 1.185 1.029 1.363

σg2=90, σ2 = 10 Type I error 0.050 0.051 0.109 0.050 0.153
λ 1.000 1.003 1.465 1.011 1.828
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