Table 2.
Proteins involved in Fe-S cluster biogenesis in eukaryotes.
| Assembly step | Human protein | Yeast ortholog | (Putative) function(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core Fe-S cluster assembly | NFS1 | Nfs1 | Sulfur donor |
| Core Fe-S cluster assembly | ISCU | Isu1 and Isu2 | Scaffold protein |
| Core Fe-S cluster assembly | ISD11 (LYRM4) | Isd11 | Eukaryotic specific accessory factor required for cysteine desulfurase activity |
| Core Fe-S cluster assembly | Frataxin (FXN) | Yfh1 | Iron donor (?) Allosteric effector (?) Cysteine desulfurase derepressor |
| Core Fe-S cluster assembly | Ferredoxins (FDX1, FDX2) | Yah1 | Electron transport |
| Core Fe-S cluster assembly | Ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) | Arh1 | Electron transport |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer | Mortalin (HSPA9, GRP75) | Ssq1 | Molecular chaperone |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer | HSC20 | Jac1 | Cochaperone. It binds target proteins that contain the LYR motif |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer | SIL1 (BAP) | Mge1 | Nucleotide exchange factor |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer | GLRX5 | Grx5 | Intermediate carrier |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer- late acting factor | ISCA1 | Isa1 | [Fe4-S4] assembly |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer- late acting factor | ISCA2 | Isa2 | [Fe4-S4] assembly |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer- late acting factor | IBA57 | Iba57 | [Fe4-S4] assembly |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer- late acting factor | NFU1 | Nfu1 | Dedicated targeting factor for LIAS |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer- late acting factor | BOLA3 | Aim1 | Dedicated targeting factor for LIAS |
| [Fe-S] cluster transfer- late acting factor | NUBPL | Ind1 | Mitochondrial translation; complex I assembly |
| Mitochondrial export of an unknown compound to the cytosol | ABCB7 | Atm1 | ABC transporter proposed to export a sulfur containing compound from mitochondria |
| Mitochondrial export of an unknown compound to the cytosol | GFER | Erv1 | FAD-dependent sulphydryl oxidase in intermembrane space that catalyzes disulphide bond formation. Required for cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | NUBP1 | Nbp35 | P-loop NTPase that forms a heterotetrameric Fe-S scaffold with NUBP2 |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | NUBP2 | Cfd1 | P-loop NTPase that forms a heterotetrameric Fe-S scaffold with NUBP1 |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | NARFL (IOP) | Nar1 | Interacts with CIAO1 and can mediate Fe-S cluster transfer |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | CIAO1 | Cia1 | WD40 repeat protein that interacts with NARFL and can mediate Fe-S cluster transfer |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | NDOR1 | Tah18 | NADPH-dependent diflavin oxidoreductase 1. Electron transport |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | CIAPIN1 | Dre2 | Electron transport |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | MMS19 | MET18 | Adapter between early acting CIA components and a subset of cellular target Fe-S proteins |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | FAM96A (CIA2A) | Part of a complex that facilitates Fe-S cluster transfer to IRP1 | |
| Extramitochondrial [Fe-S] biogenesis | FAM96B (CIA2B) | Part of a complex that facilitates Fe-S cluster transfer to specific recipients (i.e. GPAT, DYPD) |