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. 2015 Mar 10;6:6496. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7496

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In healthy subjects insulin signalling induces nuclear translocation of sXBP1 by promoting its interaction with regulatory subunits of PI3Kinase p85α and p85β. In contrast, in diabetic individuals lack of insulin (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or impaired insulin signalling (type 2 diabetes mellitus) in combination with hyperglycaemia selectively impairs p85-dependent sXBP1 nuclear translocation, impairing adaptive XBP1 signalling and resulting in maladaptive ER-stress signalling via activation and nuclear translocation of ATF6 and CHOP.