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. 2014 Nov 11;30(2):115–129. doi: 10.1007/s10654-014-9958-4

Table 4.

Stratified analysis

Outcome Stratification Subgroup No. of studies Studies included Effect size (95 % CI) Heterogeneity (I2) (%)
Tested for HCV Type of targeted testing Practitioner-based 12 Anderson [28], Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [30], Helsper [22] (b), Hickman [26], Lacey [32], Lewis [31], Litwin [23] (a, b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) 3.47 (2.52, 4.79) 94
Media/information-based 4 Defossez [21], Helsper [22] (a), Roudot-Thouraval [27], Sahajian [33] 1.47 (0.71, 3.03) 100
Target group Individuals known to be PWIDa 4 Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [22] (b), Hickman [26]c 3.43 (1.73, 6.80) 91
Groups at increased risk of being PWIDb 6 Anderson [28], Hickman [26]c, Lacey [32], Litwin [23] (b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) 5.61 (2.75, 11.44) 97
All HCV risk groups 6 Defossez [21], Helsper [30], Helsper [22] (a), Litwin [23] (a), Roudot-Thoraval [27], Sahajian [33] 1.57 (0.89, 2.77) 100
HCV positive cases detected Type of targeted testing Practitioner-based 10 Anderson [28], Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [30], Hickman [26], Lewis [31], Litwin [23] (a, b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) 2.24 (1.44, 3.48) 78
Media/information-based 4 Defossez [21], Helsper [22] (a), Roudot-Thouraval [27], Sahajian [33] 1.26 (0.97, 1.64) 58
Target group Individuals known to be PWIDa 3 Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [22] (b), Hickman [26]c 3.12 (1.37, 7.11) 93
Groups at increased risk of being PWIDb 5 Anderson [28], Hickman [26]c, Litwin [23] (b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) 1.81 (0.91, 3.59) 65
All HCV risk groups 6 Defossez [21], Helsper [30], Helsper [22] (a), Litwin [23] (a), Roudot-Thoraval [27], Sahajian [33] 1.30 (1.07, 1.57) 36

Stratification for referral, attendance, treatment commencement and SVR outcomes was not attempted due to the small number of studies

Bold type denotes p value < 0.05

aIdentified through services for PWID or by review of medical records

bIncludes the following groups: homeless, prisoners, psychiatric inpatients, birth cohort living in an area of socio-economic deprivation

cHickman [26] studied two different groups (PWID at drug services, and prisoners) and therefore results are stratified for this subgroup analysis