Table 4.
Stratified analysis
| Outcome | Stratification | Subgroup | No. of studies | Studies included | Effect size (95 % CI) | Heterogeneity (I2) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tested for HCV | Type of targeted testing | Practitioner-based | 12 | Anderson [28], Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [30], Helsper [22] (b), Hickman [26], Lacey [32], Lewis [31], Litwin [23] (a, b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) | 3.47 (2.52, 4.79) | 94 |
| Media/information-based | 4 | Defossez [21], Helsper [22] (a), Roudot-Thouraval [27], Sahajian [33] | 1.47 (0.71, 3.03) | 100 | ||
| Target group | Individuals known to be PWIDa | 4 | Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [22] (b), Hickman [26]c | 3.43 (1.73, 6.80) | 91 | |
| Groups at increased risk of being PWIDb | 6 | Anderson [28], Hickman [26]c, Lacey [32], Litwin [23] (b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) | 5.61 (2.75, 11.44) | 97 | ||
| All HCV risk groups | 6 | Defossez [21], Helsper [30], Helsper [22] (a), Litwin [23] (a), Roudot-Thoraval [27], Sahajian [33] | 1.57 (0.89, 2.77) | 100 | ||
| HCV positive cases detected | Type of targeted testing | Practitioner-based | 10 | Anderson [28], Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [30], Hickman [26], Lewis [31], Litwin [23] (a, b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) | 2.24 (1.44, 3.48) | 78 |
| Media/information-based | 4 | Defossez [21], Helsper [22] (a), Roudot-Thouraval [27], Sahajian [33] | 1.26 (0.97, 1.64) | 58 | ||
| Target group | Individuals known to be PWIDa | 3 | Cullen [25], Cullen [29], Helsper [22] (b), Hickman [26]c | 3.12 (1.37, 7.11) | 93 | |
| Groups at increased risk of being PWIDb | 5 | Anderson [28], Hickman [26]c, Litwin [23] (b), Sahajian [24] (a, b) | 1.81 (0.91, 3.59) | 65 | ||
| All HCV risk groups | 6 | Defossez [21], Helsper [30], Helsper [22] (a), Litwin [23] (a), Roudot-Thoraval [27], Sahajian [33] | 1.30 (1.07, 1.57) | 36 |
Stratification for referral, attendance, treatment commencement and SVR outcomes was not attempted due to the small number of studies
Bold type denotes p value < 0.05
aIdentified through services for PWID or by review of medical records
bIncludes the following groups: homeless, prisoners, psychiatric inpatients, birth cohort living in an area of socio-economic deprivation
cHickman [26] studied two different groups (PWID at drug services, and prisoners) and therefore results are stratified for this subgroup analysis