Table 2.
Associations of Serum Potassium Concentration With Measures of Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion Among CHS Participants Enrolled During 1989–1990 (n = 3,953)
| Measure | Adjusted Mean Difference in Measure by Serum Potassium Concentration* (mEq/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <4.0 | 4-<4.5 | ≥4.5 | p trend | Per Standard Deviation Decrease† | |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 2.4 (−1.6, 6.5) | 3.4 (.1, 6.6) | Ref. | .22 | 0.86 (−0.54, 2.26) |
| Fasting insulin (IU/mL) | 0.19 (−.42, 0.80) | −.20 (−0.69, 0.28) | Ref. | .58 | 0.05 (−0.16, 0.26) |
| Matsuda ISI | −.18 (−0.39, 0.02) | −.11 (−0.28, 0.05) | Ref. | .08 | −0.06 (−0.13, .02) |
| Gutt index | −1.99 (−4.19, 0.22) | −1.99 (−3.75, −0.23) | Ref. | .07 | −0.58 (−1.35, 0.18) |
| Stumvoll β-cell function index (pmol/L) | 63.4 (7.9, 118.9) | 2.6 (−41.6, 46.9) | Ref. | .03 | 19.7 (0.45, 39.0) |
Notes: *Adjusted for age, race (black, nonblack), sex, clinic site, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking (never, former, current), alcoholic drinks per week (0, <7, 7+), systolic blood pressure, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, beta-blocker use, diuretic use.
†Standard deviation of potassium = 0.37 mEq/L.