Table 4.
Multivariate Models of the Association Between Serum and Dietary Potassium and Diabetes Risk Among CHS Participants Over 12 Years of Follow-Up
| Median | Cases of Incident Diabetes | Unadjusted Incidence Per 1,000 Person Years | Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1* | Model 2† | ||||
| Serum potassium (mEq/L) | |||||
| ≥4.5 | 4.7 | 71 | 8.6 (6.8, 10.9) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 4.0-<4.5 | 4.2 | 253 | 8.2 (7.3, 9.3) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.19) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) |
| <4.0 | 3.7 | 121 | 9.1 (7.6, 10.9) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.32) | 0.87 (0.63, 1.19) |
| p trend = .99 | p trend = .43 | ||||
| Dietary potassium intake (mg/d) | |||||
| >3,962.2 | 4,519.4 | 83 | 7.22 (5.82, 8.95) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| >3,191.3–3,962.2 | 3,555.1 | 100 | 8.66 (7.12, 10.53) | 1.22 (0.91, 1.63) | 1.19 (.85, 1.67) |
| >2,518–3191.3 | 2,866.9 | 80 | 6.93 (5.57, 8.63) | .95 (0.70, 1.30) | 0.83 (.55, 1.25) |
| ≤2,518 | 2,111.4 | 112 | 9.80 (8.14, 11.79) | 1.36 (1.02, 1.82) | 1.13 (.68, 1.87) |
| p trend = .13 | p trend = .87 | ||||
Notes: *Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race, and clinic site.
†Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, race, clinic site, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, systolic blood pressure, and use of ACE-I, beta blockers, and diuretics (also diet score and total energy intake for dietary analyses).