Table 3.
The effect of α-MSH on cAMP and pERK1/2 signaling of WT and mutant hMC3Rs.
| hMC3R | α-MSH | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| cAMP | pERK1/2 | Bias | |
| WT | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| S17T | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| S69C | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| A70T | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| F82S | — | ↑ | Yes |
| I87T | ↑ | — | Yes |
| N128S | ↑ | — | Yes |
| M134I | ↑ | — | Yes |
| D158Y | — | — | No |
| V177I | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| I183N | — | ↑ | Yes |
| L249F | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| L249V | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| R257S | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| A260V | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| M275T | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| T280S | — | — | No |
| L285V | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| A293T | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| L297V | ↑ | — | Yes |
| L299V | ↑ | ↑ | No |
| I335S | — | ↑ | Yes |
| X361S | ↑ | ↑ | No |
“↑”: Denotes increased activity compared to the basal level. “−”: denotes no significant changes between basal and maximal signaling levels. “Bias” column is designed to demonstrate whether α-MSH-stimulated cAMP and pERK1/2 signaling pathways were divergent. “Yes” denotes biased activation of either signaling pathway; “No” denotes balanced cAMP and pERK1/2 signaling.