Table 3.
Characteristics of stress fracture cases and controls with ordinary femoral shaft fractures
| Cases (n = 172) Bisphosphonate |
Controls (n = 952) Bisphosphonate |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| users | non-users | users | non-users | |
| n = 134 | n = 38 | n = 110 | n = 842 | |
| Age a | 77 (7.8) | 75 (9.3) | 81 (8.5) | 82 (9.8) |
| Women b | 130 (97) | 30 (79) | 104 (95) | 670 (80) |
| Men b | 4 (3) | 8 (21) | 6 (5) | 172 (20) |
| Drug use b | ||||
| Cortisone | 48 (36) | 5 (13) | 35 (32) | 116 (14) |
| Estrogen | 43 (32) | 7 (18) | 34 (31) | 141 (17) |
| SERM | 1 (1) | 0 | 2 (2) | 1 (0) |
| Antidepressives | 28 (21) | 8 (21) | 41 (37) | 283 (34) |
| Antiepileptics | 8 (6) | 3 (8) | 6 (5) | 76 (9) |
| Proton-pump inhibitors | 56 (42) | 9 (24) | 37 (34) | 251 (30) |
| Previous diseases b | ||||
| Any fracture c | 59 (44) | 17 (45) | 57 (52) | 341 (41) |
| Osteoporotic fracture d | 42 (31) | 10 (26) | 50 (45) | 291 (35) |
| Hip fracture | 11 (8) | 5 (13) | 18 (16) | 106 (13) |
| Musculoskeletal disease | 86 (64) | 18 (47) | 73 (66) | 321 (38) |
| Inflammatory joint disease | 6 (4) | 0 (0) | 6 (5) | 15 (2) |
| Osteoporosis | 21 (16) | 0 (0) | 16 (14) | 18 (2) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 65 (49) | 14 (37) | 74 (67) | 493 (59) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 27 (20) | 6 (16) | 22 (20) | 179 (21) |
| Stroke | 5 (4) | 0 (0) | 12 (11) | 107 (13) |
| Endocrine disorder | 24 (18) | 9 (24) | 33 (30) | 261 (31) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (4) | 2 (4) | 15 (14) | 136 (16) |
| Malignancy | 18 (13) | 6 (16) | 19 (17) | 160 (19) |
| Neurological disorder | 13 (10) | 1 (3) | 21 (19) | 205 (24) |
| Psychiatric disease | 9 (7) | 3 (8) | 26 (24) | 201 (24) |
| Kidney or urinary disease | 43 (32) | 10 (26) | 53 (48) | 318 (38) |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 42 (31) | 15 (40) | 46 (42) | 283 (34) |
| Respiratory disease | 32 (24) | 8 (21) | 19 (17) | 199 (24) |
a
mean (SD)
b
n (%)
c
Including ICD-10 codes: S12, S22, S32, S42, S52, S62, S72, S82, S92.
d
Including ICD-10 codes: hip S720, S721, S722; proximal humerus S422; distal forearm: S524, S525, S526; spine S220, S320.