Fig. 9.

Lamotrigine normalized KA (0.3 μM)-induced Ca²⁺ responses in 9 DIV HN cultures. (A) Representative traces showing how LTG influences KA-induced Ca²⁺ responses. (B) LTG ameliorated KA-induced acute rise in cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ in a concentration-dependent manner. (C) LTG suppressed KA-induced increases in SCO frequency. (D) LTG also normalized KA-induced decreases SCO amplitude. Each data point represents at least three replicates, and the experiments were repeated twice in independent cultures with similar results. AUC, area under the curve. **P < 0.01, KA versus Veh (vehicle); ^##P < 0.01, LTG+KA versus 4-AP.