TABLE 2.
Bacterial signal peptides as FPR agonists
Listed is a set of nine bacterial signal peptides that we initially identified, their sources, sequences, accession numbers (UniProt database), and mean EC50 values (in nm) with respect to the activation of heterologously expressed hFPR1, mFpr1, hFPR2, mFpr2, hFPR3, and mFpr-rs1. EC50 values were obtained by measuring full concentration-response curves. Number of experiments (n) is given in parentheses. n.d., no data; n.r., no response with the highest tested concentration (30 μm).
Signal peptide | Source | Species | Symptoms | Monocytes | hFPR1 | mFpr1 | hFPR2 | mFpr2 | hFPR3 | mFpr-rs1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Streptococcus-SP1 | Hyaluronidase (Q8VLQ8) | Streptococcus suis | Meningitis, sepsis, skin lesions | 6.4 ± 7.7 (13) | 1.8 ± 1.6 (4) | 2.2 ± 0.09 (3) | 1343 ± 614 (4) | 1013 ± 84 (3) | n.r (4) | n.r (3) |
Streptococcus-SP1-full | Hyaluronidase (Q8VLQ8) | Streptococcus suis | Meningitis, sepsis, skin lesions | 24 ± 17 (4) | 30 ± 29 (2) | n.d. | 54 ± 35 (2) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Bacillus-SP2 | Hemolysin (Q45105) | Bacillus cereus | Food poisoning | n.d. | 12850 (1) | 1981 ± 732 (3) | 568 (1) | 78 ± 34 (3) | n.r (1) | n.r (3) |
Staphylococcus-SP3 | Cell wall hydrolase LytN (Q6GHI8) | Staphylococcus aureus | Abscess, cellulitis, pneumonia | 164 ± 134 (3) | 61 ± 31 (3) | 26 ± 15 (3) | 293 ± 143 (3) | 437 ± 155 (3) | n.r (3) | n.r (3) |
Salmonella-SP4 | Membrane protein YaeT (Q8Z9A3) | Salmonella typhimurium | Enteric fever | n.d. | 11520 ± 1888 (2) | 6862 ± 3985 (3) | 31 ± 16 (2) | 417 ± 318 (4) | n.r (2) | n.r (4) |
Haemophilus-SP5 | Tail-specific protease (P45306) | Haemophilus influenzae | Fever, meningitis, bronchitis | 232 ± 97 (5) | 705 ± 238 (2) | 100 ± 48 (3) | 8 ± 2.0 (2) | 62 ± 60 (3) | n.r (2) | n.r (3) |
Psychromonas-SP6 | Phosphatetransferase (A1ST24) | Psychromonas ingrahamii | n.d. | 0.19 ± 0.14 (3) | 0.15 ± 0.06 (4) | 0.07 ± 0.03 (4) | 38 ± 34 (4) | 93 ± 58 (4) | >10000 (4) | 284 ± 79 (4) |
Shewanella-SP7 | Siderophore receptor (A6WUI7) | Shewanella baltica | n.d. | 64 ± 32 (3) | 7.7 ± 4.5 (3) | 2.4 ± 3.1 (3) | 6.7 ± 4.0 (3) | 680 ± 920 (3) | n.r (3) | n.r (3) |
Desulfotomaculum-SP8 | Membrane protein (A4J7E6) | Desulfotomaculum reducens | n.d. | 0.09 ± 0.04 (7) | 0.25 ± 0.17 (4) | 0.17 ± 0.26 (4) | 34 ± 25 (4) | 144 ± 226 (4) | >10000 (4) | 269 ± 245 (3) |
Desulfotomaculum-SP8-full | Membrane protein (A4J7E6) | Desulfotomaculum reducens | n.d. | 735 ± 202 (4) | 1090 ± 9 (2) | n.d. | 1512 ± 249 (2) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Borrelia-SP9 | Basic membrane protein D (Q44743) | Borrelia burgdorferi | Lyme borreliosis | n.d. | 11379 ± 7930 (3) | 5806 ± 3150 (4) | 957 ± 640 (3) | 1067 ± 584 (3) | n.r (4) | n.r (3) |