Skip to main content
. 2015 Feb 11;15(2):4097–4133. doi: 10.3390/s150204097

List of the Analyzed Prototypes

Prototype Learning Domain Formative Assessment Contribution Sensors Used Description
Ailisto et al., (2006) [90] Cognitive - CamerasRFID readers It reads tags placed in objects in order to present more information about them.
Anderson & Reiser (1985) [40] Cognitive Feedback Software Sensors A tutoring system that helps students when having trouble solving some problems for the lisp programing language.
Amaratunga et al., (2002) [46] Cognitive - Accelerometers It monitors the movement of a flagpole and streams this data through the network creating a virtual lab.
Arroyo et al., (2009) [36] Cognitive Attitudes towards teaching Camera, Galvanic skin conductance, pressure mouse, accelerometers. It is a prototype that detects the emotional state of students while interacting with an intelligent tutoring system.
Baca & Kornfeind (2006) [75]-Biathlon Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Camera It analyzes the movement of the rifle.
Knowledge of criteria and standards
Feedback
Baca & Kornfeind (2006) [75]-Rowing Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Force transducer It is analyzes the rowing technique.
Knowledge of criteria and standards
Feedback
Baca, & Kornfeind (2006) [75]-Table tennis Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Accelerometers It analyzes the position of the table tennis shots.
Knowledge of criteria and standards
Feedback
Börner et al., (2014) [35] Cognitive - Camera It is a ambient display that adapts its behavior to capture the attention of learners.
Broll et al., (2011) [91] Cognitive - NFC It is a game where players need to touch parts of a screen with NFC readers
Chapel (2008) [92] Cognitive - GPS It provides a communication system for students in a university.
NFC
WiFi
Chavira et al., (2007) [93] Cognitive - RFID It gives contextual information to the participants of a conference.
NFC
Chen & Huang, (2012) [69] Cognitive Skills in setting RFID It gives a tour through a museum.
Evaluative skills
Feedback
Chu et al., (2010) [94] Cognitive - RFID It gives a tour through a botanic garden.
Dung & Florea (2012) [31] Cognitive Feedback Software sensors It detects the learning style of students and presents them later with learning objects fitting their style.
Edge et al., (2011) [30] Cognitive - GPS It helps to learn a second language by presenting users with contextual phrases.
Ghasemzadeh et al., (2009) [48] Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Accelerometers It analyzes golf swings.
Knowledge of criteria and standards
GlobiLab for middle & high schools [43] Cognitive - - Commercial software to visualize and analyze sensor data.
Greene (2010) [50] Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Gyroscopes It analyzes the user's gait.
Knowledge of criteria and standards
Hester et al., (2006) [52] Cognitive Knowledge of criteria and standards Accelerometers It measures the movements of people who have suffered a heart stroke.
Skills in setting
Hicks et al., (2010) [53] Cognitive Self-Assessment Accelerometer It captures the health and behavior of the user, with the sensors of a mobile device
Feedback GPS
Hsu & Ho (2012) [32] Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter NFC It chooses the learning path of the learner according to its tracked competences
Knowledge of criteria and standards
Evaluative skills
Feedback
James et al., (2004)[47] swimming Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Accelerometers It analyzes the movements of the user while swimming.
Knowledge of criteria and standards
James et al., (2004) [47] rowing Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Accelerometers It analyzes the movements and applied forces of the user while rowing.
GPS
Knowledge of criteria and standards
Heart rate monitors
Jraidi, I., & Frasson, C. (2012) [38] Cognitive - EEG It detects the uncertainty of students while performing exercises in an intelligent tutoring system.
Kaasinen et al., (2009) [29] Cognitive - NFC It reads tags placed in objects in order to present more information
Kanjo(2009) [42] MobAsthma Cognitive - Air pollutants sensors It measures the air pollution and compares it asthma cases.
GPS
Software sensors
Kanjo(2009) [42] NoiseSpy Cognitive - GPS It measures the noise pollution.
Microphones
Kanjo(2009) [42] PollutionSpy Cognitive - Air pollutants sensors It measures the air pollution.
GPS
Karime et al., (2011) [95] Cognitive - RFID It is a magic wand that recognizes objects and displays information about them on an ambient screen.
Kozaki et al., (2010) [96] Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Accelerometers It tracks the motion of the user in order to infer its activity
Knowledge of criteria and standards ECG
Kubicki et al., (2011) [97] Cognitive - RFID It is an interactive tabletop able to identify tangible objects.
Kuflik et al., (2011) [98] Cognitive - RFID It is a mobile guide for museums.
Lee & Carlisle (2011) [54] Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Accelerometers It detects falls using the accelerometer of mobile devices.
Knowledge of criteria and standards GPS
Linden et al., (1996) [33] Cognitive Feedback EEG It trains children with ADD to pay attention.
Littlewort et al., (2011) [37] Cognitive Attitudes towards teaching Camera This prototype tracks the facial expressions of kids while solving problems using a tutoring system.
Logger Pro [44] Cognitive - Commercial Software to visualize sensor data.
Lu et al., (2009) [99] Cognitive - Microphone It uses the microphone of the mobile device of the user to identify its context and present information about it.
Mandula et al., (2011) [100] Cognitive Skills in setting RFID It identifies indoor locations and objects in order to give contextual information to the user.
Evaluative skills
Maisonneuve et al., (2009) [101] Cognitive - Microphone It measures the noise pollution.
GPS
Muñoz-Organero et al., (2010) [102] Cognitive - RFID It uses sensors to identify objects and give information about them.
Muñoz-Organero et al., (2010) [103] Network Lab Cognitive Skills in setting RFID It identifies objects on a network lab and gives information about them to the users.
Nijholt et al., (2007) [104] Cognitive - Cameras It captures and displays the non-verbal input of the user.
Ogata et al., (2006) [105] Cognitive - GPS It helps to learn a second language by presenting users with contextual phrases.
RFID
Pentland (2004) [51] Medical Monitoring Cognitive Knowledge of subject matter Accelerometer It monitors the health condition of the user.
Blood pressure sensor, EEG
Knowledge of criteria and standards
Heart-rate monitor
Galvanic skin sensor GPS
Thermometers
Pentland (2004) [51] Memory Glasses Cognitive Feedback Bluetooth It triggers reminders to the user according to its context
GPS
Software Sensors
Pérez-Sanagustín et al., (2012) [106] Cognitive - NFC It provides contextual information to students inside of the university campus.
RFID
Rahman, & El Saddik (2012) [107] Cognitive - Accelerometers It gets information about objects by pointing at them.
Infrared cameras
Ramirez-Gonzalez et al.,(2012) [108] Cognitive Skills in setting NFC It allows teachers to create information about objects so that students can access this information later.
Serbedzija & Fairclough (2012) [41] Cognitive - Heart-rate monitor It adapts the cockpit of a car according to the user's state and driving rules.
Electromyography
GPS Speedometer
SPARKvue [45] Cognitive - Commercial Software to visualize sensor data.
Spelmezan, Schanowski & Borchers (2009) [49] Cognitive - Bend sensors It tracks important moments during snowboarding.
Force sensors
Inertial sensors
Software Compass
Strachan (2005) [79] Cognitive Feedback GPS It helps users to navigate through sounds.
Szafir & Mutlu (2013) [34] Cognitive Knowledge of criteria and standards EEG It tracks the attention level of students during a virtual lecture, and recommends which subjects to review after it.
Skills in setting
Feedback
Whitehill et al., (2008) [39] Cognitive Knowledge of criteria and standards Camera The prototype determines the speed at which lesson material should be presented in a tutoring system according to the facial expressions of the learner.
Garrido (2011) [109] Cognitive - Affective Skills in setting NFC It is a game where objects can be found by using sensors.
Evaluative skills RFID
Heggen (2012) [57] Cognitive - Affective Skills in setting Accelerometer It uses the sensors on a mobile device to gather scientific data.
Camera
Microphone
GPS
Carroll et al.,(2013) [70] Affective Self-Assessment Accelerometer It monitors the emotional state of the user and keeps track of its eating habits.
ECG
Feedback Electro dermal activity
Consolvo et al., (2008) [55] Affective Self-Assessment Accelerometer Barometer It monitors and keeps track of the physical activity of the user.
Camera
Feedback
Compas
Humistor
Microphone
Thermometer microphone
Froehlich et al., (2009) [71] Affective Self-Assessment Accelerometer It monitors and keeps track of the means of travel by the user.
Barometer
Feedback Infrared camera
GSM
Hsieh et al., (2008) [72] Affective Self-Assessment Software sensors It monitors and keeps track of the user's activities.
Feedback
Pentland(2004) [51] DiabeNet Affective Self-Assessment Blood glucose meter It monitors the glucose condition of the user.
Software sensors
Feedback
Verpoorten et al., (2009) [56] Affective Feedback Software sensors It adapts a virtual learning environment according to the learner's actions and interests.
Aukee et al., (2004) [74] Psychomotor Feedback Biofeedback(Barometer) It gives feedback about the pelvic floor activity, and it is used to improve incontinence.
Bevilacqua et al., (2007) [59] Psychomotor Knowledge of criteria and standards Accelerometers It maps gestures taught on a music lesson to sounds.
Feedback Gyroscopes
Brunelli, et al., (2006) [58] Psychomotor Feedback Accelerometers It corrects the posture of people going through a rehabilitation process.
Inertial sensors
Burish, & Jenkins (1992) [76] Psychomotor Feedback Electromyograph It teaches patients going through Chemotherapy how to relax.
Thermometer
Cockburn et al., (2008) [68] Psychomotor Feedback Cameras It is a game that trains children with autism to perform some facial gestures.
Hoque et al., (2013) [67] Psychomotor Feedback Cameras It is a prototype that helps learners to develop social skills for job interviews
Microphones
Kranz et al., (2006) [61] Psychomotor Feedback Accelerometers It corrects the movements of patients going through physiotherapy.
Gyroscopes
RFID
Kwon & Gross (2005) [62] Psychomotor Feedback Accelerometers It is a motion training system for martial arts.
Cameras
Lehrer et al., (2000) [77] Psychomotor Feedback ECG It trains users to breath according to the heartbeat.
Li et al., (2012) [78] Psychomotor Feedback Camera It is a game based psychomotor skill training for kids with autism.
Paradiso et al., (2004) [73] Psychomotor Feedback Accelerometers It produces different sounds according to the gait of the users.
Barometers
Gyroscopes
Sonar
Spelmezan & Borchers (2008) [63] Psychomotor Knowledge of subject matter Bend sensors It helps to train the snowboarding technique.
Force sensors
Knowledge of criteria and standards Inertial sensors
Feedback Software Compass
Spelmezan et al., (2009) [64] Psyhomotor Feedback Bend sensors It helps to train the snowboarding technique using haptic feedback.
Force sensors
Inertial sensors
Software Compass
Takahata et al., (2004) [65] Psychomotor Feedback Accelerometers It helps to train karate movements.
Cameras
Vales-Alonso et al.,(2010) [66] Psychomotor Feedback Barometer It helps cross country runners with its training.
Heart-rate monitor
Humistor
Thermometer
Van der Linden et al., (2011) [60] Psychomotor Feedback Inertial motion capture sensors It is a prototype that helps learners to practice certain movements while playing violin.
Verhoeff et al., (2009) [80] Psychomotor Feedback Accelerometers It gives feedback according to the user's gait.
Gyroscopes
Chang et al., (2009) [110] - - Humistor It is a house that adapts certain aspects automatically according to the user's preferences
Light sensors
NFC
RFID
Thermometers
Hsu (2010) [111] - - RFID It is a house that adapts the music being played automatically according to the user's preferences.
Krause et al., (2006) [112] - - Accelerometer It is a mobile phone that changes its behavior according to the user state and surroundings.
Galvanic skin response
Thermometer