Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants.
| Healthy control (n=24) | Bipolar disorder (n=21) | Statistical evaluation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 31.3 (6.9) | 30.0 (8.2) | F(43,1)=0.35; p=0.56 |
| Gender | 16 M, 8 F | 9 M, 12 F | χ2=2.57; p=0.11 |
| Educationa | 6.7 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.5) | F(43,1)=7.73; p<0.01 |
| BMI | 23.4 (29) | 28.2 (6.1) | T(43)=3.37; p<0.01 |
| Lifetime hospitalizations | — | 4.6 (4.2) | |
| Age at onset (years) | — | 20.9 (5.6) | |
| MADRS | — | 11.3 (7.7) | |
| YMRS | — | 4.4 (3.4) | |
| PANSS | — | 44.3 (9.1) | |
| MCAS | — | 49.1 (3.9) | |
| SOFAS | — | 60.8 (12.7) | |
| CPZ equivalents | — | 126 (150) |
Abbreviations: CPZ, chlorpromazine; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MCAS, Multnomah Community Ability Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale.
a
Education code: 3: graduated high school; 4: part college; 5: graduated 2-year college; 6: graduated 4-year college; 7: part graduate/professional school; 8: completed graduate/professional school.