Table 1.
Changes in original ORd model to simulate HFpEF and HFrEF.
| Parameter modified | % change in the HFrEF model compared to the normal model | % change in the HFpEF model compared to the normal model |
|---|---|---|
| INaL | 180% | 180% |
| τhL | 180% | 180% |
| Ito | 40% | 40% |
| IK1 | 68% | 68% |
| INaK | 70% | 70% |
| INab | 100% | 100% |
| INCX | 175% | 70% |
| Ileak | 130% | 130% |
| CaMKa | 150% | 150% |
| Jrel,NP,∞ | 80% | 80% |
| Myofilament (Borbély et al., 2005; Zile and Gaasch, 2011) | ||
| PCon_titin | x1.00 | x2.00 |
| PCon_collagen | x2.36 | x2.00 |
| P_Exp_collagen | x0.42 | x0.50 |
The modified parameters are: the late Na+ current (INaL), the time constant of inactivation of the INaL (thL), the transient outward K+ current (Ito), the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), the Na+/K+ pump current (INaK), the background Ca2+ current (ICab), the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (INCX), the SR Ca2+ leak current (Ileak), the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK), the nonphosphorylated Ca2+ release, via ryanodine receptors (Jrel,NP,∞), passive force factor due to titin (PCon_titin), passive force (F_passive) and active force (F_active). Based on Borbély et al. (2005), Zile and Gaasch (2011), Trenor et al. (2012) and Gomez et al. (2014).