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IGF-1R Signaling Pathway. IGF-1 is regulated by binding to insulin growth factor binding protein (IGFBP). Free IGF-1 can bind to IGF-1R, and activate downstream signaling through the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) to promote cell growth and proliferation (Ras/Raf/MEK pathway) and cell survival and cell cycle progression (PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway)
