Table 1. Comparison of image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation techniques (RFA, microwave ablation, and cryoablation).

	RFA	Microwave ablation	Cryoablation
Advantages	Experience regarding efficacy and safety (most widely studied and most outcome data available)	Compared to RF ablation: Larger tumor ablation volume. Faster ablation time. More effective ablation of cystic masses. Less “heat sink” effect. Less tissue charring. Less procedural pain. No grounding pad needed	Compared to RF ablation: Larger tumor ablation volume. Less procedural pain. No grounding pads needed
Disadvantages	Not suitable for tumors in mediastinum or lung apex due to non-target injury to neuro-vasculature structures and airways. Limited by “heat sink” effect from nearby vessels. Limited by tissue charring which may prevent tumor ablation at the periphery. Potential grounding pad injury	Limited safety and efficacy data available	Limited safety and efficacy data available. Longer procedural time due to freeze-thaw-freeze cycle. Higher hemorrhage risk secondary to lack of tissue cauterization