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. 2014 Dec 29;6(3):464–475. doi: 10.1021/cn500297v

Figure 1.

Figure 1

ER stress activates p38 and JNK through an IRE1/TRAF2/ASK1-mediated signaling pathway. ER stress elicits the activation of three resident ER transmembrane proteins including IRE1. IRE1 complexes with TRAF2 and ASK1, allowing for the stimulation of JNK and p38. JNK and p38 phosphorylate and activate the transcription factors AP1 and CHOP, respectively.