Figure 6.

Compound 4hh exhibits strong cytoprotection only with thapsigargin treatment among different p38 activating cell death inducers. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with DMSO or 25 μM compounds for 2 h and then treated with different inducers, including thapsigargin (7.5 μM), tunicamycin (15 μM), staurosporine (2 μM), 6-OHDA (200 μM), DTT (5 mM), and H₂O₂ (200 μM) for 18 h, and MG132 (5 μM), paraquat (0.5 mM), and DDTD (10 μM) for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using the CellTiter 96 AQ_ueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay or ATPlite. Wells with DMSO but no inducer and no compound were used as 100% controls, and wells with DMSO and inducer but no compound were used as negative controls. The experiments were repeated at least three times, and the data are represented as the average ± SEM. Asterisk (*) shows that 4hh exhibits very strong cytoprotective activity against thapsigargin-induced cell death whereas the inactive compound 4mm does not.