Table I.

Classification of factors associated with IL-1β in Alzheimer’s disease.

	Upregulating IL-1β	Upregulated by IL-1β	Downregulating IL-1β	Downregulated by IL-1β
Specific proteins with AD	Aβ, Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, Aβ25–35, APP, fAbeta (25–34)	Aβ, APP, βAPP, sAPP, βAPP, αAPP, tau
Cytokines	IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, PGF (2α), CD40	IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, TNF-α	IL-4, IL-10, IL-1Ra, NGF	GIF
Other immune factors	C5a, LPS, NALP3	C3, C1s, C1r
Neurotransmitters	Glutamate	ACh	ACh, AChE
Signal factor	NF-κB, Wnt5a, TLR4, JNK, ERK, MAPK-p38, PLC, Sp1, miRNA-146a, NO, DSP4 S100B, α1-ACT	ICE, iNOS, TACE, COX-2, cyclooxygenase, C/EBP, NO, S100Bβ,	MK-801
Hormone	insulin, Human amylin, ET	CRF, PGE2, ET-1	Estrogen
Lipid	apoE, apoE4, LXA (4)	apoE, clusterin
Globulin		α2-macroglobulin

IL, interleukin; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; IFN, interferon; TGF, transforming growth factor; APP, amyloid precursor protein. TNF, tumor necrosis factor; PGF, placental growth factor; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TLR, toll-like receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PLC, phospholipase C; miRNA, microRNA; ACT, antichymotrypsin; apo, apolipoprotein; LXA, lipoxin A; NGF, nerve growth factor; ACh, acetylcholin; Cox-2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; TACE, tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme; C/EBP, ccaat enhancer binding proteins; CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; ET, endothelin; C3, complement component 3; C1s, complement C1s subcomponent; C1r, complement C1r subcomponent.