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. 2014 Mar 11;5(3):389–409. doi: 10.1002/wcc.277

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© 2014 The Authors. WIREs Climate Change published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Monthly anomalies of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) indices for (a) each month and (b) each winter (December, January, February, and March) the period 1979–2012.