Recombinant human neutrophil peptide-1 (rHNP-1) and recombinant human β defensin-1 (rHBD-1) increase the proportion of the CD91bright monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) subset. Immature moDCs were incubated with 100 ng/ml rHNP-1, 500 ng/ml rHBD-1, 20 μg/ml heat-shock protein 90 (hsp 90) or 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 18 hr, the cells were analysed by flow cytometry to measure cell-surface CD91 expression. (a) Representative flow cytometric analysis showing the increased proportion of CD91bright moDC subset after rHNP-1 and rHBD-1 stimulation compared with the decreased proportion after hsp 90 and LPS challenge. (b) Change of CD91bright moDCs frequency after rHNP-1, rHBD-1, hsp 90 and LPS compared with unstimulated conditions. Data shown as mean ± SE from six independent experiments. *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01.