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. 2015 Mar 9;144(4):668–676. doi: 10.1111/imm.12419

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Decreased T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production was noted in interleukin-21 (IL-21) -treated human cells. (a) Serum levels of IgE in allergic subjects and controls were determined by ImmunoCAP. (b) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic subjects and controls were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and levels of IL-5 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. PBMCs (c, d) or CD4+ T cells (e–j) from patients (c, e, g, i) or controls (d, f, h, j) were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence of IL-21 or not. (c–f) Cytokines IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ and IL-17 in the supernatants were detected by ELISA. (g, h) The expression of GATA-3, T-bet and RORγt was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. (i, j) Apoptosis was measured by staining with annexin V and 77-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) and analysing with a flow cytometer. Individual symbols represent an independent experiment and the horizontal lines represent the mean values. **P < 0·01; ***P < 0·001.