Table 3. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses for Associations between Refractive Error and Childhood Concomitant Exotropia.

	Univariate				Multivariate*
	OR	CI		p	OR	CI		p
Age group
3 y	Ref				Ref
4 y	1.04	0.66	1.62	0.872	1.10	0.64	1.90	0.73
5 y	1.54	0.99	2.38	0.054	1.66	0.97	2.82	0.063
6 y	1.17	0.61	2.26	0.63	1.57	0.71	3.50	0.268
Sex
Male	Ref				Ref
Female	0.96	0.75	1.23	0.743	0.92	0.68	1.25	0.584
SE anisometropia(D)
<0.50	Ref				Ref
0.50-<1.00	17.23	11.99	24.77	<0.001	1.23	0.77	1.96	0.39
> = 1.00	7.52	4.44	12.73	<0.001	0.56	0.30	1.07	0.078
J0 anisometropia(D)
<0.25	Ref				Ref
0.25-<0.50	14.00	9.50	20.65	<0.001	1.06	0.66	1.73	0.80
> = 0.50	6.96	3.62	13.37	<0.001	0.49	0.23	1.07	0.073
J45 anisometropia(D)
<0.25	Ref				Ref
0.25-<0.50	10.85	6.63	17.76	<0.001	0.57	0.31	1.04	0.068
> = 0.50	4.88	2.14	11.14	<0.001	0.42	0.16	1.09	0.074
SE refractive error(D)
0.00-<1.00	Ref				Ref
-1.0-<0.00	84.09	60.06	117.75	<0.001	40.54	13.16	124.86	<0.001
<-1.00	29.36	18.61	46.30	<0.001	18.93	5.25	68.22	<0.001
1.00-<2.00	33.77	14.79	77.11	<0.001	67.78	40.80	112.60	<0.001
2.00-<3.00	10.19	2.27	45.61	0.002	23.13	12.70	42.13	<0.001
3.00-<4.00	4.19	0.55	31.93	0.166	25.57	9.97	65.59	<0.001
4.00-<5.00	35.65	14.00	90.88	<0.001	8.36	1.71	40.97	0.009
> = 5.00	15.01	4.99	45.20	<0.001	2.52	0.29	21.76	0.401
Astigmatism (D)
0.00-<0.50	Ref				Ref
0.50-<1.00	29.79	16.02	55.41	<0.001	3.56	1.51	8.40	0.004
> = 1.00	5.41	2.42	12.09	<0.001	0.42	0.16	1.08	0.071
<0.00	31.95	23.91	42.69	<0.001	1.90	1.17	3.10	0.01

D = diopters; J0 = power in the vertical or horizontal meridian; J45 = power in the oblique meridian; SE = spherical equivalent.

Odds ratios in boldface are statistically significant.

*Adjusted for all factors retained in the mutivariate analysis.