Table 2.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-1 infection and antimalarial treatment failure
| First author, year | Age (years) | Treatment | Follow-up (days) | HIV-negative | HIV-positive | PCR | CD4 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muller, 1990 [70] | <5 | CQ–SP | 3 | 40 | 35 | − | − | NS |
| Muller, 1990 [70] | 26 | CQ–SP | 3 | 58 | 142 | − | − | NS |
| Colebunders, 1990 [71] | 7 | QN | 7 | 83 | 59 | − | − | NS |
| Greenberg, 1991 [72] | <1 | SP | 7 | 166 | 32 | − | − | NS |
| Kamya, 2001 [73] | <5 | CQ | 14/28 | 186 | 6 | − | − | NS |
| Kamya, 2001 [73] | 10 | CQ | 14/28 | 124 | 23 | − | − | NS |
| Birku, 2002 [74] | 32 | AS | 3 | − | − | Decreased parasite density and fever clearance | ||
| Kamya, 2006 [75] | 28.5 | CQ–SP AQ–SP AQ–AS |
28 | 113 | 50 | + | − | Increased total treatment failure Increase in new infections |
| Van Geertruyden, 2006 [76] | 27.6 | SP–AL | 28 | 530 | 266 | + | + | Increased total treatment failure in low-CD4 HIV-positive vs. HIV-negative individuals: NS |
PCR: genotyping for recrudescence or new infection.
AL, artemether–lumefantrine; AQ, amodiaquine; AS, artesunate or artemisinine; CQ, chloroquine; NS, not significant; QN, quinine; SP, sulphadoxine–pyrimethamine.