Table 4.
Summary of phylogeographical studies of Neotropical pioneer tree species. Genetic markers used in each study including nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and nuclear and chloroplast simple sequence repeats (nuSSR and cpSSR, respectively) are indicated. Low genetic structure indicates similar nuclear or plastid DNA haplotypes between Mesoamerica and Amazonia while high structure indicates distinct haplotypes between these regions.
| Species and family | Habitat | Genetic marker | Pollen dispersal | Seed dispersal | Genetic structure | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nrDNA | cpDNA | ||||||
| Ceiba pentandra MALVACEAE | Wet to dry | nrDNA (ITS), cpDNA (psbB–psbF) | Vertebrates (bats) Insects (moths) | Wind and water | Low | Low | Dick et al. (2007) |
| Cordia alliodora BORAGINACEAE | Wet to dry | nrDNA (ITS), cpDNA (trnH–psbA), cpSSR | Insects (moths) | Wind | Low | Low | Rymer et al. (2013) |
| Jacaranda copaia BIGNONIACEAE | Wet to dry | cpDNA (trnH–psbA, trnC–ycf6), nuSSR, cpSSR | Insects (large bees) | Wind | N.A. | Low | Scotti-Saintagne et al. (2013a) |
|
Ochroma pyramidale* MALVACEAE |
Wet | nrDNA (ITS), cpDNA (trnH–psbA, psbB–psbF, rbcL) | Vertebrates (bats) | Wind | High | High | Dick et al. (2013) |
|
Schizolobium parahyba FABACEAE |
Wet | nrDNA (ITS), cpDNA (trnH–psbA, trnL–trnF, matK) | Insects (bees) | Wind | Low | High | Turchetto-Zolet et al. (2012) |
|
Trema micrantha ULMACEAE |
Wet to dry | nrDNA (ITS), cpDNA (trnH–psbA, psbB–psbF, rbcL) | Small insects | Vertebrates (birds) | Low | Low | Dick et al. (2013) |
|
Ficus insipida subsp. insipida MORACEAE |
Wet | nrDNA (ITS), cpDNA (trnH–psbA) | Insects (wasps) | Vertebrates (fish, bats, others) | Low | High | This study |
*
Reduced sampling of species' distribution range; N.A., not available.