Table 3. Percent Obese at Age 3 (≥95^th percentile) by Maternal Prenatal/ Postnatal Health Variables and Infant Feeding/Delivery Variables.

Variables	Non-Native Population Obese ≥ 95 th %ile (N = 96)	p-value	Alaska Native Population Obese ≥ 95 th %ile (N = 109)	p-value	p-value comparing groups
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Yes	28.9	0.26	29.1	0.23	0.10
No	19.1		43.1
Pre-existing diabetes mellitus
Yes	24.5	0.76	40.2	0.89	0.06
No	19.6		42.3
>40 lbs wt gain in pregnancy
Yes	24.4	0.06	41.1	0.20	0.21
No	16.0		43.8
Mom Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) category (kg/m 2 )
Underweight	24.6	0.09	34.7	0.35	0.63
<18.5
Normal	16.3		37.5
≥18.5 & <25
Overweight	19.4		40.6
≥ 25 & <30
Obese ≥30	31.1		51.0
Mom smoked 3 months before pregnancy
Yes	28.1	0.06	45.7	0.32	0.89
No	17.6		39.3
Mom smoked during pregnancy
Yes	24.7	0.47	50.0	0.19	0.38
No	19.1		40.0
Mom smoked in post-partum
Yes	32.5	0.02	48.2	0.19	0.34
No	18.0		39.2
Chew/spit tobacco (traditional plus regular) during pregnancy
Yes	Numbers too small		55.2	0.046
No			39.7
Multivitamin or Prenatal vitamin use—one month before pregnancy
None	22.6	0.32	44.7	0.46	0.91
1–3/week	18.0		42.0
4–6/week	27.3		25.1
Daily	15.3		35.9
Macrosomic ≥4500grams
Yes	17.1	0.84	51.7	0.46	ND
No	20.0		41.7
Small for Gestational Age (SGA) (<10 th %ile)
Yes	9.7	0.056	44.7	0.87	ND
No	21.4		42.6
Child ever Breastfed
Yes	19.4	0.16	42.4	0.88	0.27
No	33.9		40.7
Child Breastfed (duration in months)
<6 mo.	22.6	0.01	47.4	0.09	0.10
≥6 mo.	15.9		36.7