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. 2015 Mar 20;10(3):e0118711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118711

Table 4. Percent Obese at Age 3 (≥95th percentile) by Psychosocial Variables, Dietary Intake and Lifestyle Variables.

Lifestyle Variables
Non-Native Alaska Native Population p-value
Population Obese ≥ 95 th %ile comparing
Obese ≥ 95 th %ile p-value p-value groups
(N = 96) (N = 109)
Psychosocial variables
Maternal postpartum depression diagnosis
Yes 11.6 36.7
No 20.2 0.34 43.2 0.66 0.70
Mom diagnosed depression since 3-year-old was born
Yes 22.4 0.25 31.9 0.56 0.92
No 17.5 43.1
Child witnessed violence or physical abuse in person
Yes 29.9 0.62 59.3 0.03 0.85
No 19.8 39.6
Mother was trying to get pregnant
Yes 17.9 <0.01 43.7 0.70 0.27
No 38.5 41.3
Child beverage consumption at age 3
Soda consumption ≥1 cup/day
Yes 32.0 0.30 41.0 0.24 0.78
No 20.3 57.6
Soda consumption, cups/day
0 19.8 0.68 39.2 0.36 0.80
<1 cup 23.9 50.9
1 cup 35.2 37.1
≥2 cups 27.4 57.5
100% fruit juice consumption >1 cup/day
Yes 25.7 0.06 34.8 0.053 0.01
No 16.8 47.3
Sweetened or fruit drink ≥1 cup/day
Yes 21.0 0.91 46.8 0.24 0.50
No 20.5 39.2
Usually drinks whole milk
Yes 20.2 0.80 39.3 0.99 0.87
No 19.1 39.4
Child Food Consumption at Age 3
>2x Candy, cookies or other sweets /day
Yes 15.2 0.26 48.2 0.38 0.15
No 20.8 41.3
≥2x vegetables or salad/day
Yes 17.9 0.24 40.1 0.66 0.60
No 22.9 42.8
≥2x Fresh, canned, frozen or dried fruit/ day
Yes 19.6 0.86 38.2 0.18 0.45
No 20.4 46.7
≥1x French fries/tator tots or potato chips/ day
Yes 21.8 0.49 49.9 0.02 0.04
No 19.0 35.8
Child TV viewing
≤1 hour 20.6 0.80 46.7 0.15 0.43
>1 hour 19.5 37.9