Table 5. Regression analyses for hearing thresholds according to the presence of metabolic syndrome or chronic kidney disease.

	Univariate				Multivariate
	Male		Female		Male		Female
	St-β ± SE	P value	St-β ± SE	P value	St-β ± SE	P value	St-β ± SE	P value
Low-Freq
MetS	0.105 ± 0.391	<0.001	0.241 ± 0.335	<0.001	0.011 ± 0.405	0.416	0.025 ± 0.373	0.030
CKD	0.177 ± 0.806	<0.001	0.153 ± 0.851	<0.001	0.061 ± 0.773	<0.001	0.018 ± 0.804	0.073
Mid-Freq
MetS	0.136 ± 0.570	<0.001	0.286 ± 0.389	<0.001	0.007 ± 0.542	0.547	0.027 ± 0.404	0.011
CKD	0.204 ± 1.175	<0.001	0.173 ± 1.000	<0.001	0.053 ± 1.035	<0.001	0.021 ± 0.871	0.020
High-Freq
MetS	0.143 ± 0.709	<0.001	0.324 ± 0.459	<0.001	-0.001 ± 0.635	0.959	0.033 ± 0.451	0.001
CKD	0.199 ± 1.464	<0.001	0.184 ± 1.190	<0.001	0.033 ± 1.215	0.001	0.017 ± 0.974	0.045

Covariates for MetS were age, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, exposure to explosive noise, and exposure to occupational noise. Covariates for CKD were age, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, exposure to explosive noise, and exposure to occupational noise.

Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; CKD, chronic kidney disease; Low-Freq, low-frequency; Mid-Freq, mid-frequency; High-Freq, high-frequency; St-β, standardized- β; SE, standard error.