Table 1. Characteristics of 340 Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Were Tested for Anal HPV DNA and Free Testosterone by HPV16/18 Positivity.
| Characteristic | HPV16 and/or 18 a Positive N (Column %) | HPV16 and HPV18 Negative N(Column %) | Total N(Column %) | p b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| 45–49 | 3 (4) | 6 (2) | 9 (3) | NS |
| 50–59 | 38 (48) | 124 (48) | 162 (48) | |
| 60–69 | 34 (43) | 121 (47) | 155 (46) | |
| 70–79 | 4 (5) | 9 (3) | 13 (4) | |
| 80+ | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| Race | ||||
| White Non-Hispanic | 75 (94) | 219 (84) | 294 (86) | 0.04 |
| Non-White | 5 (6) | 41 (16) | 46 (14) | |
| HIV Infection | ||||
| Negative | 36 (45) | 153 (59) | 189 (56) | 0.04 |
| Positive | 44 (55) | 107 (41) | 151 (44) | |
| >500 CD4 T-cells/mm3 | 21 (48) | 67 (63) | 88 (58) | NS |
| ≤500 CD4 T-cells/mm3 | 23 (52) | 40 (37) | 63 (42) | |
| Ever smoked tobacco within last 24 months before HPV testing | ||||
| Yes | 59 (74) | 186 (72) | 245 (72) | NS |
| No | 21 (26) | 74 (28) | 95 (28) | |
| Ever drank alcohol within last 24 months before HPV testing | ||||
| Yes | 75 (94) | 246 (95) | 321 (94) | NS |
| No | 5 (6) | 14 (5) | 19 (6) | |
| HPV16/18 | ||||
| Positive | - | - | 80 (24) | - |
| Negative | - | - | 260 (76) | - |
| Group 1 hrHPVs | ||||
| HPV16, 18 only | - | - | 33 (9) | NS |
| HPV16, 18, & other | - | - | 47 (14) | |
| Other Group 1 hrHPVs Only (No 16/18) | - | - | 105 (31) | |
| Negative | - | - | 155 (46) | |
| Group 2 hrHPVs | ||||
| Positive | 37 (46) | 82 (32) | 119 (21) | 0.02 |
| Negative | 43 (154) | 178 (68) | 221 (79) | |
| lrHPVs | ||||
| Positive | 54 (68) | 155 (60) | 209 (61) | NS |
| Negative | 26 (32) | 105 (40) | 131 (39) | |
| Use of exogenous testosterone | ||||
| Yes | 12 (15) | 22 (8) | 34 (10) | NS |
| No | 68 (85) | 238 (92) | 306 (90) | |
| Hepatitis C Virus c | ||||
| Positive | 4 (5) | 14 (5) | 18 (5) | NS |
| Negative | 76 (95) | 246 (95) | 322 (95) | |
| Study Center | ||||
| 1 Baltimore | 22 (28) | 64 (25) | 86 (24) | NS |
| 2 Chicago | 11 (14) | 54 (21) | 65 (19) | |
| 3 Pittsburgh | 13 (16) | 39 (15) | 52 (15) | |
| 4 Los Angeles | 34 (43) | 103 (40) | 137 (40) | |
| Enrollment | ||||
| 2001–03 | 10 (13) | 27 (10) | 37 (11) | NS |
| Pre-2001 | 70 (88) | 233 (90) | 303 (89) | |
| Number of male sex partnerships reported at baseline (MACS Visit 1) | ||||
| Greater than 500 | 18 (23) | 63 (24) | 81 (24) | NS |
| 201–500 | 21 (26) | 50 (19) | 71 (21) | |
| 51–200 | 21 (26) | 81 (31) | 102 (30) | |
| 50 or fewer | 20 (25) | 66 (25) | 86 (25) | |
| Number of male sex partners reported between MACS Visit 1 to 24 months prior to HPV testing | ||||
| 355+ | 19 (24) | 66 (25) | 85 (25) | NS |
| 133–354 | 16 (20) | 68 (26) | 84 (25) | |
| 63–132 | 25 (31) | 59 (23) | 84 (25) | |
| Fewer than 63 | 20 (25) | 67 (26) | 87 (26) | |
| Number of receptive anal intercourse partners within 24 months before HPV testing | ||||
| 4+ | 26 (33) | 69 (27) | 95 (28) | NS |
| 1–3 | 21 (26) | 55 (21) | 76 (22) | |
| 0 | 33 (41) | 136 (52) | 169 (50) | |
| BMI | ||||
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 37 (46) | 152 (58) | 189 (56) | NS |
| <25 kg/m2 | 43 (54) | 108 (42) | 151 (44) | |
| Free Testosterone (FT) level | ||||
| Above Median (70.1 pg/mL) | 52 (65) | 118 (45) | 170 (50) | 0.003 |
| Median and Below | 28 (35) | 142 (55) | 170 (50) | |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
| FT | 75.2 (63.0, 89.4) | 65.5 (51.2, 83.3) | 70.1 (53.6, 84.7) | - |
| Slope of log 10 FT Change/year | 0.000 (-0.01, 0.02) | -0.005 (-0.02, 0.01) | -0.003 (-0.01, 0.01) | NS |
a Positive for either HPV16 or HPV18 or both
b Fisher’s Exact (2-sided) p-values: comparisons between groups in total population; NS: p≥0.05
c HCV antibody positivity