. 2015 Mar 17;5(3):e006989. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006989

Table 1.

The baseline characteristics of included studies

		Age (years)					Baseline Scr (mg/dL)		eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)
Study	Cases (n)	Bicarbonate	Saline	Male (%)	DM (%)	HT (%)	Bicarbonate	Saline	Bicarbonate	Saline
Merten et al ¹⁹	119	66.7*	69.2*	73 vs 76	50 vs 46	NA	1.89*	1.71*	41.0*	45.0*
Ozcan et al ⁵⁰	176	68.0*	70.0*	76 vs 75	42 vs 48	75 vs 81	1.36*	1.40*	NA	NA
Masuda et al ³³	59	75.0±8.0	76.0±11.0	63 vs 59	27 vs 35	NA	1.31±0.52	1.32±0.65	40.2±15.4	38.7±15.4
REMEDIAL et al ²⁰	219	70.0±9.0	71.0±9.0	88 vs 81	49 vs 55	92 vs 87	2.04*	1.95*	32.0±7.0	71.0±9.0
Adolph et al ⁷	145	70.1±8.4	72.7±6.6	75 vs 81	37 vs 28	83 vs 91	1.54±0.51	1.57±0.36	NA	NA
Brar et al ⁸	323	71.0*	71.0*	62 vs 65	43 vs 46	NA	1.49†	1.49†	47.7†	48.3†
Maioli et al ⁹	502	74.0*	74.0*	57 vs 61	25 vs 23	59 vs 57	1.21±0.30	1.20±0.30	NA	NA
Tamura et al ²³	144	72.3±9.9	73.3±7.7	92 vs 83	60 vs 57	85 vs 83	1.36±0.18	1.38±0.19	40.0±7.5	38.2±0.2
Vasheghani et al ¹⁰	265	62.9±10.0	63.8±9.0	84 vs 82	22 vs 21	30 vs 41	1.63±0.32	1.66±0.50	46.4±12.0	45.4±12.0
Castini et al ¹²	103	70.0±8.3	72.7±8.2	85 vs 84	35 vs 20	71 vs 78	1.59±0.38	1.49±0.30	46.9±12.8	49.9±10.3
Vasheghani et al ¹¹	72	61.4†	62.7†	78 vs 81	33 vs 38	66 vs 71	1.77†	1.71†	42.7†	44.2†
Motohiro et al ²⁴	155	71.0±9.0	74.0±7.0	76 vs 64	56 vs 63	86 vs 83	1.54±0.43	1.55±0.44	45.7±12.9	42.8±13.8
PREVENT et al ¹³	382	65.8*	67.5*	71 vs 71	100 vs 100	77 vs 80	1.50*	1.50*	46.0*	46.0*
Ueda et al ¹⁸	59	77.0±9.0	75.0±10.0	77 vs 79	10 vs 10	NA	1.32±0.46	1.51±0.59	42.4±11.5	38.7±12.6
Klima et al ²¹	176	78.0*	75.0*	66 vs 62	39 vs 34	90 vs 81	1.60*	1.60*	43.1†	43.0†
Gomes et al ¹⁵	301	64.1±12.0	64.5±12.0	15 vs 75	29 vs 30	77 vs 74	1.50±0.40	1.49±0.50	50.5±13.0	51.9±13
Hafiz et al ¹⁴	320	74.0*	73.0*	57 vs 57	49 vs 45	95 vs 94	1.65*	1.60*	41.5*	40.5*
Kristeller et al ¹⁷	92	72.0±11.0	73.0±11.0	64 vs 52	52 vs 38	89 vs 92	NA	NA	48.9†	49.4†
Boucek et al ¹⁶	120	63.0†	67.0†	75 vs 75	NA	NA	1.92†	1.81†	43.6†	44.6†
Kooiman et al ²²	548	71.6†	72.5†	60 vs 61	27 vs 27	NA	NA	NA	49.9†	50.9†

		Contrast type and volume (mL)
Procedure	Interventions	Bicarbonate	Saline	Hydration regimen	Definition of CIN
Elective diagnostic/interventional procedures	SB vs SC	NA	NA	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after the procedure of SB or SC	Scr↑ ≥25% within 2 days
Elective diagnostic/interventional procedures	SB vs SC	Iopamidol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	100*	100*	1 mL/kg/h for 6 h before and after the procedure of SB or SC	Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	Ioxaglate, ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Emergency CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	112±89	120±61	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 ml/kg/h for 6 h after the procedure of SB or SC Bolus 0.5 mg/mL SB before and SC 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h during and after in both groups	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Emergency CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	Iopamidol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI/peripheral procedure	SB+NAC vs NS+NAC	169±92	179±9	SB: 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after; NS: 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and 12 h after	Scr↑ ≥25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI/peripheral procedure	SB+NAC vs NS+NAC	Iodixanol, non-ionic, iso- osmolar			Scr↑ ≥25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	141±50	138±52	2 mL/kg/h for 2 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after the procedure of SB or SC	Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	Iodixanol, non-ionic, iso- osmolar			Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG	SB vs SC	126*	137*	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1.5 mL/kg/h for 4 h after the procedure of SB or SC	eGFR↓ >25% within 4 days
Elective CAG	SB vs SC	Ioxilan, non-ionic, iso- osmolar			eGFR↓ >25% within 4 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs IS	160*	170*	SB: 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after; IS: 1 mL kg/h for 12 h after	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL within 5 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs IS	Iodixanol, non-ionic, iso- osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL within 5 days
Elective CAG/PCI	Bolus SB+SC vs SC	82±40	88±45	Single-bolus SB 20 mL for 5 min before and SC 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and after the procedure; 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and after the procedure of SC	Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 3 days
Elective CAG/PCI	Bolus SB+SC vs SC	Iohexol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 3 days
Elective CAG	SB+IS vs IS	115±41	113.2±36	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after in both groups	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG	SB+IS vs IS	Iohexol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	179±125	196±128	SB: 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after; SC: 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and after	Scr↑ ≥25% within 5 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	Iodixanol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥25% within 5 days
Elective CAG	SB+half SC vs half SC	112†	123†	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after the procedure of 75 mL SB to 1 L of 0.45% SC; 1075 mL of 0.45% SC	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG	SB+half SC vs half SC	Iohexol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB+SC vs SC	140±50	130±40	1 mL/kg/h SC 12 h before and 1 mL/kg/h SB from 3 h before to 6 h after the procedure, then 1 mL/kg/h SC for 12 h; 1 mL/kg/h SC 12 h before and 12 h after the procedure	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or >25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB+SC vs SC	Iopamidol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or >25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/angioplasty/endovascular intervention	SB vs SC	113*	120*	SB: 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL kg h for 6 h after; SC: 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or >25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/angioplasty/endovascular intervention	SB vs SC	Iodixanol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or >25% within 2 days
Emergency CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	116±63	104±57	Bolus 0.5 mg/mL SB before and SC 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h during and after in both groups	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or >25% within 2 days
Emergency CAG/PCI	SB vs SC	Iopamidol/iohexol, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or >25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI/PTA/CT/PAG	SB vs SC	100*	100*	SB: 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after; SC: 1 m/kg/h for 24 h	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI/PTA/CT/PAG	SB vs SC	Iopromide/iohexol, etc., iso/low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs NS	124±65	125±87	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after the procedure of SB or NS	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL within 2 days
Elective CAG/PCI	SB vs NS	Hexabrix/loxaglate, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL within 2 days
Elective CAG/PAG/intervention	SB w/o NAC vs NS w/o NAC	110*	100*	SB: 3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after; NS: 1 mL/kg/h for 12 h before and 12 h after	Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/PAG/intervention	SB w/o NAC vs NS w/o NAC	Iodixanol/iopamidol/ioversol, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ >0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CPB	SB vs IS	74†	83†	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after the procedure of SB or IS	Scr↑ ≥0.3 mg/dL or 50% or urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h (>6 h) within 5 days
Elective CPB	SB vs IS	NA	NA
Elective CAG/lower limb angiography and/or angioplasty	SB vs NS	115†	104†	3 mL/kg/h for 1 h before and 1 mL/kg/h for 6 h after the procedure of SB or SC	Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CAG/lower limb angiography and/or angioplasty	SB vs NS	Iodinated, non-ionic, low-osmolar			Scr↑ ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 2 days
Elective CECT	SB vs IS	105.7†	104.7†	250 mL SB for 1 h before; 1000 mL IS before and 1000 mL IS after	Scr↑0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 4 days
Elective CECT	SB vs IS	Iomeprol/iobitridol/iodixanol, low-osmolar			Scr↑0.5 mg/dL or 25% within 4 days

*Median value.

†Mean value.

DM, diabetes mellitus; CAG, coronary angiography; CECT, contrast-enhanced computerised tomography; CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HT, hypertension; IS, isotonic saline; NA, not applicable; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; NS, normal saline; PAG, peripheral angiography; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; SB, sodium bicarbonate; SC, sodium chloride; Scr, serum creatinine; w/o, with/without.