Table 1.

Review of previous spontaneous renal pelvis rupture cases during pregnancy

	Publication	Age, parity, gestation	Side	Symptoms	Haematuria	Ultrasonography	Pyelography	Other investigations	Treatment	Obstetric follow-up	Comments
1	Campbell10	37 years, G3P2, 34 weeks	Right	2 months existing flank mass	Yes	–	–	–	Right nephrectomy	Spontaneous stillbirth first day after nephrectomy	–
2	Cohen14	35 years, G8P7, 26 weeks	Right	Flank pain, upper right abdominal pain, history of urinary tract infections in pregnancy	No, but anaemia	–	Distended ureter and renal pelvis, urine extravasation	–	Right nephrectomy	Vaginal delivery at term	–
3	Aaro and Kelalis12	31 years, G8P7, pp1d	Right	Flank pain, progressive palpable mass	Yes	–	Pyelonephrosis, urine extravasation	–	Right nephrectomy	–	Onset of symptoms after delivery
4	Middleton, 1982	26 years, G3P2, 18 weeks	Right	Intermittent flank pain	No	–	Urine extravasation	–	Right nephrostomy	Vaginal delivery at term	–
5	Maresca and Koucky16	34 years, G6P5, 18 weeks	Right	Flank pain, vomiting, lower right abdominal pain with peritoneal signs	No	Hydronephrosis, urinoma	Urine extravasation	–	Right ureteral catheterisation after diagnostic laparotomy	Vaginal delivery at term	–
6	Kramer17	18 years, G1P0, 30 weeks	Right	Flank pain, vomiting, urinary frequency	No	Hydronephrosis, urinoma	Urine extravasation	–	Left lateral decubitus position	Vaginal delivery at term	–
7	Meyers et al2	18 years, G1P0, 27 weeks	Right	Flank pain, lower right abdominal pain	No	Hydronephrosis, urinoma	–	–	Right JJ stent	Vaginal delivery at 28 weeks	–
8	De Wilde, 1988	27 years, G3P2, 32 weeks	Right	Flank pain	No	Urine extravasation	–	–	Right ureteral catheterisation	Vaginal delivery at term	–
9	Oesterling et al18	36 years, G1P0, 20 weeks	Right	Flank pain, vomiting	No	Hydronephrosis, urinoma	Urine extravasation	–	Right ureteral catheterisation	Vaginal delivery at term	–
10	Van Winter et al9	20 years, G1P0, 34 weeks	Right	Flank pain, nausea, lower right abdominal pain with peritoneal signs	No	Hydronephrosis	Urine extravasation	–	Right JJ stent	Vaginal delivery at term	–
11	Chelli, 1994	24 years, G4P1, 28 weeks	Left	Flank pain, symptoms of urinary tract infection	No	Urine extravasation	–	CT: renal pelvis rupture with urine extravasation	Right nephrostomy	Vaginal delivery at term	–
12	Satoh et al7, 2002	34 years, G2P0, 20 weeks	Right	Flank pain	No	Hydronephrosis, urinoma	Urine extravasation	–	Right JJ stent	Caesarean section at term	–
13	Sidra et al19	28 years, G1P0, 34 weeks	Right	Flank pain	No	Hydronephrosis, hydroureter	–	–	Epidural analgesia during labor. Postpartum right nephrostomy	Vaginal delivery at 34 weeks	Patient delivered before placement of nephrostomy
14	Lo et al11	33 years, G1P0, 32 weeks	Left	Flank pain, lower abdominal pain	No	(performed after delivery) Hydronephrosis bilateral, hydro-ureter	–	CT performed after delivery: urine extravasation	Left nephrostomy	Caesarean section at 32 weeks	Renal pelvis rupture diagnosed after delivery
15	Matsubara et al6	38 years, G1P0, 34 weeks	Left	Left back pain	Yes	Bilateral hydronephrosis.	Urine extravasation	–	Left JJ stent	Caesarean section at 34 weeks	Patient anxious for continuing pregnancy and demanded caesarean section
16	Present case	27 years, G2P1, 34 weeks	Right	Flank pain	No	Slightly distended ureter	–	MRI: urine extravasation	Right JJ stent	Vaginal delivery at term	Induction of labour because of pre-eclampsia