Table 3.

Categories and sub-categories

Categories	Professional guidelines and integrity	Patient informed consent	Patient rights	Coworker coordination for competency, learning and patient safety
Sub-categories	Nurse students used as adjunct staff	Near-absence of consent taking from patients for most non-surgical medical procedures	Patient discrimination on the basis of socio-demographic status	Non-learning culture
	Nurses having to face violence	Absence of patient consent taking for receiving treatment from student nurse	Withdrawal of treatment by nurses who fear for their safety	Blame shifting and non-reportage of errors
	Patient reluctance to receive treatment from nurse