Figure 1.
Integrated neurohormonal response to the ingestion of food. Sensing of different nutrients by enteroendocrine cells results in the release of diverse hormones and peptides that result in gastric accommodation to the meal, stimulation of gastric contractions that lead to emptying and, when the nutrients reach different levels of the small intestine, the release of substances that provide generally negative feedback that delays gastric emptying (e.g. CCK in the duodenum, GLP-1 and PYY in the more distal small intestine and colon).