Table 4.
Odds Ratios Estimating the Association of Hospital Concentration of Black Infants, NICU, and Nursing Variables with VLBW Infant Outcomes
| VLBW Infant Outcomes | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for Patient and NICU Characteristics | p-Value | Adjusted for Patient, NICU, and Nursing Characteristics | p-Value | |
| Nosocomial infection | ||||
| Concentration of black infants | ||||
| Low (<11% is reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Medium (11–31%) | 1.42 (0.99–2.02) | .054 | 1.36 (0.96–1.92) | .08 |
| High (>31%) | 1.64 (1.14–2.36) | .01 | 1.44 (1.00–2.08) | .052 |
| Nursing characteristics | ||||
| Understaffing | 1.04 (0.92–1.19) | .52 | ||
| Practice environment | 0.85 (0.72–0.99) | .04 | ||
| Discharge home without breast milk | ||||
| Concentration of black infants | ||||
| Low (<11% is reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Medium (11–31%) | 1.35 (0.89–2.05) | .15 | 1.25 (0.84–1.85) | .28 |
| High (>31%) | 1.61 (1.05–2.46) | .03 | 1.32 (0.87–2.01) | .19 |
| Understaffing | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | .02 | ||
| Practice environment | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | .35 | ||
Note: Odds ratios and confidence intervals were derived from random-effects logistic regression models. Infant risk adjusters were gestational age, gestational age squared, 1-minute Apgar score, small for gestational age, multiple birth, congenital malformation, vaginal delivery, prenatal care, race/ethnicity, and gender. NICU characteristics were adjusted for the natural log of volume of VLBW infants and level of care.
NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; VLBW, very low birth weight.