Table 1. Preoperative and operative characteristics.
| Preoperative characteristics | Biatrial (% of patients) | Left atrial (% of patients) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 91 | 214 | — |
| Age (y) | 59 ± 28 | 68 ± 12 | <.01 |
| Female gender | 40.7 | 45.8 | .41 |
| White race | 64.8 | 78 | .02 |
| Body mass index | 28 ± 6 | 27 ±6 | .6 |
| Current smoker | 3.3 | 7.5 | .17 |
| Diabetes | 17.6 | 18.7 | .82 |
| Hypertension | 55 | 73.8 | <.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 27.5 | 35.6 | .23 |
| Stroke | 9.9 | 8.9 | .78 |
| Coronary artery disease | 30.8 | 42.1 | .06 |
| Congestive heart failure | 41.8 | 34.6 | .23 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 23.1 | 13.1 | .03 |
| Depression | 5.5 | 5.1 | .89 |
| Left atrial size (cm) | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | .14 |
| AF chronicity: paroxysmal | 33.7 | 31.8 | .75 |
| Operative characteristics | |||
| Sternotomy approach | 87.6 | 76.9 | .03 |
| Radiofrequency | 16.5 | 36.9 | <.01 |
| Cryoablation | 80.2 | 33.6 | <.01 |
| Microwave | 3.3 | 29 | <.01 |
| Laser | 0 | 0.47 | .51 |
| Crossclamp time (min) | 98 ± 41 | 86 ± 41 | .02 |
| CPB time (min) | 152 ± 34 | 136 ± 54 | .03 |
AF, Atrial fibrillation; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass.