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mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines from 12 patients from whom fed and unfed specimens were collected. Substantial inter-individual variability is apparent. Unfed bowel segments demonstrated a significant increase in TNF-α expression versus patient-matched fed segments. IL-1β and IFN-γ expression was increased in 10 of the 12 patients, but not in 2 patients (patients 6 and 8). See Table 2 for individual patient characteristics.
