Table 2.
Gambling behavior variables of older adults presenting Gambling Disorder (GD) in Brazil and United States (US).
| GAMBLING BEHAVIOR VARIABLES | Brazil Mean (ST*) | US Mean (ST) | Test |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | P | |||
| - Age of gambling onset | 43.9 (±16.1) | 38.8 (±15) | U=2666 | .023 |
| -Age of GD onset | 52.9 (±13.2) | 50.5 (±11.2) | U=2712 | .019 |
| - Lag between gambling onset and GD (in years). | 9.3 (±10.3) | 11.8 (±11.2) | U=2927 | .202 |
| - Urge to gamble# | 5.3 (±3.57) | 10.3 (±2.69) | U=1484 | <.001 |
| - GD Severity## | 6.9 (±1.7) | 6.8 (ST=±1.3) | U=870.6 | .459 |
| MAIN FORMS OF GAMBLING*** | n (%) | n (%) | Coefficient | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ➢ Any strategic game | 12 (15.4%) | 20 (27%) | x2=3.097 | .078 |
| - Card games | 11 (14.1%) | 18 (24.3%) | x2=2.570 | .109 |
| - Non-card strategic games | 4 (5.1%) | 2 (2.7%) | x2=.589 | .682** |
| ➢ Any non-strategic game | 69 (88.5%) | 67 (90.5%) | x2=.174 | .676 |
| - Electronic machines | 57 (73.1%) | 60 (81.1%) | x2=1.373 | .255 |
| - Video Poker | 4 (5.1%) | 5 (6.8%) | x2=.181 | .741** |
| - Bingo | 14 (17.9%) | 2 (2.7%) | x2=9.372 | .003** |
| - Lottery | 6 (7.7%) | 4 (5.4%) | x2=.373 | .746** |
| - Pull tabs | 0 (0%) | 4 (5.4%) | x2=4.330 | .054** |
| - Animal Game### | 12 (14.1%) | 0 (0%) | x2=11.300 | <.001** |
*
standard deviation
**
Due to the low number of subjects positive in this variable, Fisher's exact test was used for a more rigorous comparison.
***
Each person listed up to two main forms of gambling
#
urge to gamble in the past week, measured by the first 4 questions of the Gambling Symptoms Assessment Scale (G-SAS)
##
GD severity was measured by the total number of criteria endorsed according to the Fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
###
Animal game is a traditional, but illegal, lottery-like Brazilian game where you bet in animals instead of numbers.