Table 4.
Root mean square (RMS) amplitude of electromyogram (EMG) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) values during maximal voluntary contraction in the vastus medialis
| Placebo | MFGM | ANOVA (G × T) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P -value | ||||
| RMS, mV | baseline | 0.133 ± 0.017 | 0.145 ± 0.019 | 0.778 |
| 5 weeks | 0.156 ± 0.016 | 0.172 ± 0.019 | ||
| 10 weeks | 0.153 ± 0.014 | 0.175 ± 0.022 | ||
| Δ 10 weeks (%)a | 27.3 ± 10.6d | 27.1 ± 10.4d | ||
| MFCV, m/sec | baseline | 5.91 ± 0.39 | 5.77 ± 0.32 | 0.046 |
| 5 weeks | 5.02 ± 0.48 | 5.43 ± 0.22 | ||
| 10 weeks | 4.17 ± 0.45b | 5.58 ± 0.39c | ||
| Δ 10 weeks (%)a | - 27.2 ± 8.2d | 1.1 ± 8.9c |
MFGM, milk fat globule membrane; ANOVA, analysis of variance.
Values are means ± SEM of 16 (placebo group [women, n = 7; men, n = 9]) and 19 (MFGM group [women, n = 11; men, n = 8]) subjects for RMS and 12 (placebo group [women, n = 5; men, n = 7]) and 16 (MFGM group [women, n = 10; men, n = 6]) subjects for MFCV, respectively.
aThe value is the percentage change from the baseline to 10 weeks. Repeated-measures ANOVA for the group-by-time interaction (G × T) during the interventional period. bThere was a significant difference from the baseline during the interventional period, as determined using the Bonferroni test (P < 0.05). cThere was a significant difference between the two groups in results of the unpaired t-test (P < 0.05). dThere was a significant difference from the baseline to 10 weeks in results of the paired t-test (P < 0.05).