Table 2.

Clinical trials using hymecromone (4-MU) in humans.

Reference	Patient type	Study type	n	Dose	Duration	Adverse events/notes
(153)	Patients requiring cholecystectomy, age >14	Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled	25	2400 mg/day × 7.5 days then 1200 mg × 7 days	2 weeks	Decreased drain output and need for post-op analgesics, two pts with mild headaches in treatment group, three with decreased appetite and diarrhea in placebo group
(149)	Post-cholecystectomy dyspepsia, age >60, mean 58.5 years	Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled	15	600 mg BID	3 weeks	N/A
(152)	Biliary dyskinesia	Randomized controlled trial vs. tiropramide 300 mg	20	1200 mg daily	3 months	N/A
(149)	Patients requiring cholecystectomy, age 29–84	Placebo-controlled, randomized	13	1600 mg/day	3 weeks	N/A
(155)	Healthy, age 21–35	Pharmacokinetics	8	400 mg IV, 800 mg IV, 600 mg PO solution, 1200 mg PO solution, 1200 mg tablets	Once	N/A
(150)	Healthy, age 22–30	Prospective, double-blind, randomized cross-over study	20	400 mg IV	Once, after meal	N/A
(148)	Healthy	Placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized	61	600 mg with lunch, 600 mg with dinner	2 weeks	N/A
(154)	Healthy, age 20–37	4-methylumbelliferone PO and IV	20	800 mg × 1 (PO and IV)	Once, with meal	N/A