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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2015 Apr 1;194(7):2985–2991. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403134

Figure 1. TIDCs are central to tumor immune interactions in the TME.

Figure 1

DCs are recruited into the TME and induced to upregulate PD-1 and TIM-3. Interactions of PD-1 with PD-L1 in the TME blocks responsiveness to danger signals and prevents T cell activation through antigen presentation and co-stimulation. Danger signals are also reduced due to high TIM-3 expression, which binds HMGB1. T cells are preferentially drawn to TIDCs as they enter the TME. In addition to the lack of appropriate activating signals, T cell responses are blocked by engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 on the DC surface. Tregs are also induced by the TIDCs to establish a tolerogenic environment.