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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Sci Eng R Rep. 2015 Mar 1;89:1–48. doi: 10.1016/j.mser.2015.01.002

Figure 26.

Figure 26

Intrinsic energy loss. (a) Schematic phase diagram of relaxor-PbTiO3 system. Δx1 (or Δx2) and ΔT1 (or ΔT2) denote the composition and temperature intervals from current state to related phase transition boundaries, respectively. (b)–(c) Thermodynamic bases for the flat free energy profiles as well as the increased energy losses driven by composition or temperature approaching phase boundaries, which makes the polarization rotation or elongation easier, producing larger piezoelectric and dielectric effects, but also increases losses.