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Influence of a single grain boundary on domain wall motion in PZT films. (a) Nonlinear response quadratic/linear maps measured across the grain boundary for the 425 nm thick sample. (b) Nonlinear response quadratic/linear for maps averaged where corresponds to map shown in (a). (c) Topography of domain structure near the grain boundary, revealing a cross-hatched domain structure typical of a tetragonal ferroelectric phase (obtained along the [001] zone axis). Adapted from Ref. [196].
