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. 2015 Mar 13;15:61. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0583-x

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© Chien et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fulvic acid (FA) modulation of homocysteine-induced COX-2 expression is a transcriptional event. U937 cells were transfected with COX-2 p918-Luc promoter plasmid. Cells transfected with p918-Luc that were not stimulated with homocysteine were used as controls (CL). COX-2 promoter activity was measured as fold changes using luciferase assay normalized to β-galactosidase activity from at least three individual experiments. *P < 0.05 versus CL monocytes. ^# P < 0.05 versus homocysteine-stimulated cells without pretreatment of FA.