Table 2.
Intervention rates prehospital and in the ED by treating team model
| Road paramedics (n = 505) | HIRT HEMS (n = 336) | GSA HEMS (n = 48) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peripheral cannulation | ||||
| Prehospital | ||||
| - 0 | 122 (24%) | 16 (5%) | 1 (2%) | <0.001,*§ |
| - 1 | 375 (74%) | 222 (66%) | 34 (71%) | |
| - 2 or more | 8 (2%) | 98 (29%) | 13 (27%) | |
| Emergency department | ||||
| - 0 | 99 (20%) | 88 (27%) | 10 (21%) | 0.11 |
| - 1 | 255 (51%) | 161 (49%) | 28 (60%) | |
| - 2 or more | 144 (29%) | 81 (25%) | 9 (19%) | |
| Intubation | ||||
| Prehospital | 27 (5%) | 156 (46%) | 20 (42%) | <0.001,*§ |
| Emergency department | 164 (33%) | 37 (11%) | 3 (6%) | <0.001,*§ |
| Thoracic decompression | ||||
| Prehospital | 2 (0.4%) | 4 (1.2%) | 6 (12.5%) | <0.001,§ ¥ |
| Emergency department | 54 (11%) | 39 (12%) | 8 (17%) | 0.45 |
| Administration of intravenous fluids (mls) | ||||
| Prehospital | 0 (0–200) | 500 (100–1000) | 725 (200–1375) | <0.001,*§ ¥ |
| Emergency department | 1000 (500–2000) | 1000 (500–1800) | 1000 (500–1500) | 0.32 |
| Administration of prehospital packed red blood cells | ||||
| Any amount | 0 | 20 (6%) | 4 (8%) | <0.001,*§ |
| Application of femur traction splint | ||||
| Prehospital | 1 (0.2%) | 4 (1.2%) | 1 (2%) | 0.06 |
| Emergency department | 15 (3%) | 14 (4%) | 3 (6%) | 0.29 |
| Application of prehospital pelvic compression device | 1 (0.2%) | 11 (3%) | 6 (13%) | <0.001,*§ ¥ |
Statistics reported as N (%), mean (SD) or median (IQR) as appropriate.
*indicates difference between Road Paramedics and HIRT HEMS at <0.05 level.
§indicates difference between Road paramedics and GSA HEMS at <0.05 level.
¥indicates difference between HIRT HEMS and GSA HEMS at <0.05 level.